Smoke stack in particular for land vehicles and ships



-SePtfl 1952 J. vALENsl 2,610,570

SMOKE STACK IN PARTICULAR FOR LAND VEHICLES AND SHIPS l o LL.

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-2 SHEETS- SHEET 2 J VALENSI SMOKE STACK IN PARTICULAR FOR LAND VEHICLES AND SHIPS Filed Feb. l2, 1948 Sept. 16, 1952 Patented Sept. 16, y1952 sMeKEsTAKIm-rARTIcULAnroRLANn I vEH1oLEs'ANn ,-smrs Jacques z' Valensi; Marseille, France,- assgnorof l one-halff' tof SocieteJ AnonymerL dsf Forges et.. A Chantiers:deflafMediterraneegflaxis;Francat` l oorporationoilitance UApplicaties.,Familiare1a 1948,;seriaiiNmmsax; i y rn-rranceaulyglafisw 'My'invention relates tives, steam-ships andthe'like.-

Smoke stacks, iiues'oriunnels` arey-a1ready= known which are constituted'byarylindrical smoke flue surrounded by afairingshaped shell orcasingpf uniformcross section and of more-or less :oval or elliptic profile terminating lat lits top in:a.;fiat sectiorrwhic'h is straight orslightlyim clined andgenerally open.-V

Thel purpose of isuch a? fairingJ-is -to *redlicetol some extentthe yresistance 'ordragfof the smoke fairingj-produces a diffused' vortex the -effect'. of

which is/to flatten down thefsrnokei-largecurls,7

ythis being particularly'` objectionable inf the @caseof ja'ship',V for anypassengers whomay-happen to.'

be onthe aft decks.- K

Th'eessential object ofinyinvention is to over-u comel tlriisdrawbaclr.4 'Y Y It is known in aerodyna vcs that 'certain'types of streamlined bodies such iinfparticular 4as aircraft wings possess theproperty of generatingfat their. freev endsjwhenV exposed to avrelativefwind, a concent'ratedrso-called ",vving-tipvv vortex the.-

essential characteristic yof `'which is--to- 'containaa core portioninwhich there prevails' a substantlal suction; the presence of suchla Wing-tip vortexl to smoke Lst'acks''whicl1` use are eXppsedto afrelativewindl and it 'ismorell particularly concerned i with land f and 'fseagoingl-` vehicles driven'by-'heat engines, such-as locomo-y is.. connected tothe occurrence 'Y of 'aso-called circulation,. aswell-known in aerodynamics,

Aaround the various 'sections of thefa'iringa My invention'essentially consists of creatingirr the area o f the exit of the smoke-stack offliea WingftipfA vortex into the corel of '"Whi'ch the smoke is forced, the Vvsmoke jetf-b'eing-inthis way-V guided, at its discharge-fromfthe ysmoke-fluefout let, yas if it Wereinaduct or pipe:

-In'one 'embodiment ofmy invention: tlievsmoke.

flue; 1s-1surroundedf'by a retiringv inthe-shape of half arraircraft wing; preferably fr of I' generally:

' trapezoidalelevational outline, thek rooty o'f-zwhiclr forms the base of the fairing andthe endof. which` being tapered, so that there is generated in said, area under-the effect of the relative wind,.\af.v-Jing ti'p Vortex vwhich f extends in thegmannerr.. off ian; actual substantially .cylindrical sheathffparal-lek to the general direction of the relative'fiow of the 'lair filaments.vl The-smoke flue or lues open into the area from which the core of the vortex sheds. Y

Itf'should 'bef-observed-fthat git. is? comzeniellt..tto,``r use all 'l means 1f adapted' to* produce aroundcuthef craft iorfvehiole deprived i of "its smoke stack,"` as; general airowswh'erein the ilines of iiovvpassirrgg f through Ythefarea-inA whichrthef-top ofathe stack is` locatedl do: not 'sweep *the ysurfaces ;;which:it,fis.. desired to maintainclearfr'om smoke;I l

In this manner, the. outgoing ,-:smokefstreamt (thexvelocity of which may'be smallerithanequal tool-*greater than that: of therel'ativeyvindisis literally sheathed i loyiA Athe vortex andz; will'zinot sweep the deck areas located between the funnel:A

and the .stern of theesl'lip,V forxrinstancegawhich areas in the case of a passenger ship are generally?.` arranged as promenade decks for the passengers:

parted to the'fairing is adapted toreduce the. drag:

grammati'cally illustrated, inv a-purely*illustrative* and iinI no restrictive: sense, f two suchifemloodi-Y ments'. f

vation and a .fplan viewfrespective1yfof'ashipr' fnneldesig'ned: according f-to afrst :frmfofLem-; bodirnent Vofthe invention.v

Figs. 4, Eilandl 56 aref corresponding showings ofvafmodi'ed exnlcodi'n'ient.A v

v Referringfto `the drawings; reference- I-indiA cates the=smoke flue or conduct fand-2istherfai ingsurrounding it; Said l'fairing is symmetricallifv loi-convex, itsmaximum1thickness mayrloeaboutv 15 "110130175v of rits length vdi'r'nension'and its maxi-i' mum cross section is'lat a1ooi1t'30%-romthelleade ingedge-thereof. Y v

Itsleading edge is' rakedfits'trailing edge beingrv approximately vertical:l both edgesareconnectd bylafstraight line 'sloping downwarily-fand #rear-'i' Wardly'f as. shown"y in Figs. 1,1 2 *and 3 'andfby'ra convex linelasshown invFigs.-4,f 5vand'6f The smoke flue I ,i opens ,f as above-mentioned,

vortex sheds." Y.

into. theareafrom whichlthe corelof th wingt'pz c The `best "location/f for-the joutletflof thefsm0k flue is :obviously such", according 'to the invention;

that it `will substantially coincide/:Withfthe cross-"- tlearelativewind, in" other."Wordsfthefoutlet fori of said chord as taken over said vertical extent.-

It should be noted that the desired smoke con-l centrating effect is increased asthe intensity of the vortex is greater, that is to say when the direction of relative wind does not lie in the plane of symmetry of the fairing. This, moreover, will be found to be the general condition for a ship'V or a locomotive for example, because of the wind component supplied by the natural wind.VV How-y boundary layer, adjustment of the angular position of the fairing and so on) A design including slots is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 (the 'surfaces 4 have been indicated in dot-and-dash lines in Fig. 2 for the sake of clarity). Y

Figures 4, 5 and 6 show another design for the fairingincluding two fore slots and a slotted aileron.

The smoke duct is shown at 5, the streamlining at 6, the auxiliary wings to be used to build up the fore slots at 'l and the slotted aileron at 8.

Y Thecross section of the fairing is a biconvex symmetrical profile, of .maximum thickness ratio at 30% from the leading edge (the lengths are referred, as usual,` to the chord of the profile).

y As shown in Figs. 4 and 6, there is an aileron oriap 8, arranged at Vthe trailing edge ,of the taining-preferably equivalent in longitudinal extent to about of that of the fairing, and rotatable about a vertical axis X-X, about which it may be adapted to be driven through any suitable mechanical means, manually or automatically controlled in response to the direction of the relative wind. As shown more particularly in Fig. 6, the configuration of said flap and the location of its-axis of rotation are such that any deviation ofsaid flap from alignment with the structure will produce a substantial gap between the rear edge vofY the structure and the front edge of the apthus opening up the desired slot in the prole for the purpose described.

Leading and trailing edges are straight and upright in vmost of their length, and when viewed in elevation, the upper part of the fairing is a circle. yThe figure shows the height of the aileron; whichis approximately equal to three quarters of the maximum height of the streamlining.

. The -fairing is slightly tapered in its upper part, as shown in the ligure. Such a design may render necessary a swelling of the fairing around the smoke duct exit, following the size of this exit and in order to keep circular the upper part of the streamlining as Viewed in elevation. When` trimmed, the slotted aileron together Withrthe fore slots improve the maximumY lift coefficient ofr the fairing. Thus the tipvortex may;,remain undestroyed, even at very high incidences; it prevents also the smoke from being beaten down, for an incidence of as would happen with a plane aerofoil.

The aileron may be driven by hand or automatically` by a vane. 4

Finally, to provide for the operation of the smoke stack when the vehicle is stationary and there is no relative wind or also when the relative Wind blows from the rear to the front of the ship, there may be provided within the fairing 6 an additional outlet for the iiue 5, said outlet which is controlled by means of a valve, making it possible to discharge the smoke upwards.

It will appear, as moreover it has already been mentioned, that the invention is in no way restricted to the particular uses or to the specific embodiments of its component parts which have been more particularly illustrated and described; the invention includes within its scope all modications and variations in such uses and in the construction of the various devices. In particular the proles of the fairing may be dissymmetrical. Also the above described arrangements may be applied to a smoke stack pivotally mounted on a xed structure to be suitably rotated in response to the direction of the relative Wind.

VWhat I claim is:

1. Smoke-stack which comprises a flue and a airing structure surrounding said ue of teardrop transverse cross-section, said structure having substantially upstanding leading and trailing edges and an upwardly-convex top connecting said edges, and the outlet of said flue being located in thel rearwardly and downwardly extending portion of said convex top toward said trailing edge.

2. Smoke-stack which comprises a flue and a fairing structurevsurrounding said flue of teardrop transverse cross-section, said structure'having a leading edge and a trailing edge, said leading edge rearwardly raked, and atop connecting said leading and trailing edges said top having a rearwardly-downwardly extending portion merging with said trailing edge, the outlet of said flue being located in said last-mentioned portion of the top and directed towards said trailing edge.

3. Smoke-stack which comprises a flue and a fairing structure surrounding said flue of teardrop Vtransverse cross-section, said flu having an outlet located adjacent the top of the trailing edge of said structure and directed rearwardly, and means spaced from said structure and extending parallel thereto adjacent the leading edge thereof and rearwardly along a portion of each side of said structure to define a pair of air circulating slots with the sides of said structure, for increasing the circulation of air around said structure as created by relative wind.

4. Smoke-stack as in claim V3 wherein said means spaced from said structure comprises an upstanding flap extending said structure at the trailing edge thereof, and means for rotating said nap about an axis intermediate the length thereof and parallelwithsaid trailing edge, so that any deviation of said ap about said axis from alignment with the structure will create a substantial slot between said' trailing edge and said nap.

5. Smoke-stack as in claim 4 wherein the longitudinal extent of said flap is about 25% of the extent of said fairing structure.

JACQUES VALENSI.

(References on following page) REFERENCES CITEDv FOREIGN PATENTS The following references are of record in the I Number' Country Date le of this patent: 347,566 Great Britain Apr. 30, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 387,393 Great Britain Feb. 6, 1933 Number Name Date 643.156y France Oct. 27, 1927 1,830,357 schmidt Nov.1o,1931 641743, Germany July 12 1937 1,910,800 Kiesel, Jr. Matyy 23,"1933 1,939,254 Dyer Dec. 12,119,33 10 1,950,743 Parkin et a1. Mar. 13, 1934 

